Believers follow the Homoousian doctrine which declares that Jesus is both God and man. The Great Schism of brought on a separation of the Orthodox religion due to the difference of opinion on such things as the Holy Spirit, bread for the Eucharist, use of images, and the date of Easter. This separation created what today is the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox church. The Orthodox Church is one of the oldest religious institutions and attempts to follow the original Christian faith as established by Jesus.
By the 4th century, the faith had spread throughout the Roman and Byzantine Empires, a fact that is reflected in the current list of countries with the largest number of Orthodox Christians. Of all the countries on the list, Russia is the largest both in land mass and the number of Orthodox Christian followers. Here, there are million followers of the faith. The Russian Orthodox Church has had strong political influence over the country for nearly 1, years.
In , Prince Vladimir made it the official language of Russia. Most of the data came from official censuses or surveys of the population. The number for Ukraine, by the way, includes all groups claiming to be Orthodox. The Uzbekistan estimate is very uncertain: in , Pew estimated that 1. France also has a big range, with a variety of surveys putting the Orthodox percentage anywhere from 0. Lebanon and Syria are 24 and 28, with just shy of a million Orthodox between them, although that number is very uncertain given all the upheaval in the region.
Albania and Poland both have autocephalous churches, but both are extremely small, ranking 29 and 32, with around , Orthodox in each country.
The autocephalous Church of the Czech Lands is even tinier — combined, the Czech Republic and Slovakia have around 65, Orthodox people, which puts them just a little bit ahead of Ireland Finland, an autonomous church under the Ecumenical Patriarchate, had 61, Orthodox based on its latest national census, but recent survey data suggests a number as high as , Antiochian Orthodox Paschal celebration in the Hatay province in Turkey, The Antiochian Orthodox, concentrated in southeastern Asia Minor, were not subject to the forced population exchanges between Turkey and Greece in the early s, and today there are vastly more Antiochians than Greeks in Turkey — possibly ten times as many.
In addition to the Antiochians, we can add to that tens of thousands of foreign workers in Turkey, including something like 50, Russians — many of whom are Orthodox. Orthodoxy grew rapidly in Sub-Saharan Africa in the 20th century, and along the way the Patriarchate of Alexandria — which historically had been limited to North Africa — annexed the rest of the continent.
An estimated 1. There are a surprising number in Ivory Coast, with an estimate of about , What about Western Europe — countries that would generally have fallen under the jurisdiction of the Church of Rome prior to the schism? A great many of these people are ethnically Romanian. Many of my readers will likely have a particular interest in the U. For the U. Religious Landscape Study, in which 0. Canada collects religious affiliation information in its census, the most recent of which found that 1.
A separate source had a slightly lower estimate 1. This is especially true for Orthodox Christians living in former Soviet republics. In nearly every country surveyed, with the exception of Greece and the United States, Orthodox majorities feel this way.
These views are particularly strong among Orthodox populations in former Soviet republics. Orthodox majorities in the countries surveyed also oppose the legalization of same-sex marriage, although the U. The view that Eastern Orthodoxy and Roman Catholicism should reconcile is a minority position in every Orthodox population surveyed across Central and Eastern Europe, except Romania.
At the same time, many Orthodox Christians declined to answer this question, perhaps reflecting ambivalence about the topic.
More Orthodox Christians favor this church stance than oppose it in most countries surveyed. Orthodox women tend to be as likely as Orthodox men to be against the ordination of women. Say "Alexa, enable the Pew Research Center flash briefing".
It organizes the public into nine distinct groups, based on an analysis of their attitudes and values.
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