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Where is Royal Leamington Spa. The bailiff acted as clerk of the market, giving bread that fell short in weight and 'misselled' measled pork or brawn to the poor. He appointed a borough herdsman to keep the cattle on the lord's waste, and took half the fines from offenders against the regulations of the cloth trade, the lord taking the other half.
Aided by six burgesses he appraised waifs and strays, and he 'took the advisament' of at least three of the elder burgesses in 'redressing of all matters for the prince fn. He was allowed to hunt a couple of rabbits in the lord's warren three days in each week, whereas the ordinary burgess might only shoot one without going out of the highway, and the 'tenter' might not kill any.
Twice yearly at the great courts leet the town clerk, his wife and his man, the twelve men of the jury and their wives, the low bailiff and his wife dined at the expense of the bailiff. The officers were bound to present their accounts on these occasions. The 'Twelve and the Twenty-four' presented to the lord's officers the man who desired to become a burgess, and if he could not pay the fine 'they ought to make him able.
There were at that time sixty-six men rated for the subsidy in the town itself, as opposed to fifty-eight in The commercial part of the town centred about the High Street, where the Prior of Maiden Bradley let land on a building lease in A newly-built house in 'Blaxter Street'? Trade disputes arose between Kidderminster and Bewdley in the 15th century, and in January —4 Prince Arthur of Wales is said to have made peace between the towns, commanding them 'to eschew all manner of debates and discords' and apply in future to himself and his council to settle all differences.
The cloth industry continued to flourish, and in —4 an Act was passed limiting the industry to certain towns, fn. There were then in the town fifty-two men able to bear arms, and in the outlying hamlets forty-three. In February —3 the inhabitants petitioned for a royal charter.
The charter was granted 4 August The town was incorporated under the name of 'the bailiff and burgesses of the borough of Kidderminster. The capital burgesses were to hold office for life and join the bailiff in filling up vacancies in their number. The bailiff and burgesses chose a steward Sir Ralph Clare of Caldwell being named in the charter. He was assisted by an under steward learned in the law. The bailiff and capital burgesses were to assemble in the gildhall or elsewhere to make by-laws for the government of the borough, and they might claim the advice of twenty-five assistant burgesses appointed by themselves from the more honest and upright inhabitants.
To the bailiff and burgesses were granted fairs and markets 'as they had lawfully held the same. The bailiff and capital burgesses aided by the 'assistants' proceeded to make by-laws at the 'courthouse,' the junior of the assistants speaking first. They provided themselves with 'comely and decent black gowns' in which to attend the bailiff to church on the Sabbath and festivals, and without which the bailiff might not walk the streets.
They appointed a constable to keep order and bade every burgess keep at hand a club, bill or halbert. Innkeepers were forbidden to give entertainment on Sunday or holiday save 'due repose to strangers passengers and travellers'; and the churchwardens and constables left the church at the Second Lesson to make diligent search for such offenders.
They ordered the cleansing of the streets on Saturday afternoons and the removal of standings from the street and market-place at night. Trading by any 'foreigner' not a burgess was prohibited unless he had been apprenticed seven years in the town or had gained permission from the burgesses and paid scot and lot. The position of Kidderminster at the meeting of three main roads rendered it of some importance during the Civil War. In Essex, expecting that the king would advance on London by the Worcester road, sent a regiment to Kidderminster under Lord Brooke.
He withdrew before a feigned advance on the part of Prince Rupert fn. Many of the townsmen declared that they would have lived peaceably at home, but that they were driven by the 'rage of soldiers and drunkards' who persisted in identifying the sober-minded with the rebellious to take refuge with the Parliamentary garrison at Coventry.
Early in June the men of Kidderminster were threatened with ruin by a troop of Royalist horse if they should send provisions to the Parliamentary army, while an order was issued to Parliamentary commanders to forbear from plundering the fulling-mills of Robert Wilmot, treasurer to the County Committee of Stafford, in Mitton.
Stamford and a captain of foot with 'some poor soldiers' and the French agent M. In the following June Charles passed through the town on his way from Naseby to Bewdley, leaving behind a poor woman who had been wounded in the late battle.
Attacked by the Parliamentarians under Captain Stone, Aston made a stout resistance, but was taken prisoner, his troops being routed. A skirmish in the town itself, in which Captain Denham and two soldiers were killed, fn. Mary's chantry. Sir Ralph Clare of Caldwall and other residents at Kidderminster favoured the king's cause. Edward Broad of Dunclent was assisted in preparing guns to be used against the 'Roundhead rogues' by a Kidderminster man.
In Charles II and his Scottish army, marching southwards, 'passed most by Kidderminster a field's breadth off. Thirty troopers stationed in the market-place shot at many hundreds, who, 'not knowing in the dark what number it was that charged them, either hasted away or cried quarter.
Though the name of 'gildhall' is applied by the charter of King Charles to the town hall or courthouse, no trace has been found of a gild-merchant in Kidderminster, but there is some later record of craft gilds. In the bailiff and capital burgesses drew up ordinances for the craft gilds which then existed in the town. There were companies of weavers, tailors, smiths and shoemakers.
Each fraternity was governed by two wardens elected yearly. The annual assembly of each gild took place on the Monday after Midsummer, and the last man to arrive before 11 a.
There were strict rules against trading by non-members, half the fines being paid to the bailiff and burgesses, half to the fraternity. The wardens supervised the appointment of apprentices and journeymen, while the bailiff and capital burgesses could fine negligent wardens and control their expenses.
Shortly after the Restoration the prosperity of the town was much increased through the completion of Andrew Yarranton's scheme for making the Stour navigable from Stourbridge to Kidderminster. Coal was first brought thither by water in The cloth trade, falling into decay early in the 18th century, was replaced by the manufacture of fancy materials, silk and woollen. The mob threw cabbage-stalks at each other and respectable inhabitants were invited to pelt the bailiff-elect with apples.
The capital burgesses were drawn chiefly from a single family; the assistant burgesses were not invited to vote in the common council, and, even after the repeal of the Test and Corporation Acts, it was long before a Dissenter was admitted as assistant. Ill-feeling was increased when, 6 August , the corporation succeeded in gaining a new charter confirming their old constitution, save that the twelve capital burgesses gained the title of 'aldermen,' instituting the office of recorder and increasing the number of magistrates by creating the three senior aldermen ex officio justices of the peace.
During the rioting which accompanied the great weavers' strike of the impartiality of the high bailiff was called into question. The local government was extended and reformed by the Municipal Reform Act of , fn. Previous to the sole jurisdiction possessed by the corporation was due to the charter of —3, which constituted the bailiff, his predecessor and the under steward justices of the peace. Petty sessions had thenceforward been held weekly, but quarter sessions were regularly dismissed at once, owing to the lack of a sufficient gaol.
The corporation insignia include a silver-gilt mace, a Jubilee gift of Mr. George Houldsworth mayor —7 , and the mayoral badge and chain purchased in The common seal given in bears an ornate cartouche with the town arms: Azure two cheveronels or, between three bezants, and each charged with four roundels, and the legend 'Deo iuvante arte et industria floret. The corporation also possesses a beautiful Elizabethan loving-cup of silver-gilt with elaborately chased bowl and cover.
A period of depression from to was ended by the development of the railway, which had been constructed in Power loom machines were introduced —5 and hand looms were entirely superseded. Not only was an impetus given to the carpet manufacture, which has since increased threefold, but also the town has expanded in all directions and especially upon the rising ground in the neighbourhood of the station.
Much of the new town was built with bricks made near the Stour Vale Works, on the canal side and at Caldwall. The canal was almost superseded by the railway. The former donkey traffic fn. Moreover, the condition of the town has been immensely improved since the 17th century, when every burgess and innholder set a lantern before his door on dark nights. The town hall in High Street was replaced in by the present more spacious and commodious building in Vicar Street.
It was erected on the site of the vicarage fn. The town owes a part of this prosperity to the market, which was probably prescriptive in origin or due to the grant of toll made to Manasser Biset. The lord of the manor had a grant of a three days' fair at St. Bartholomewtide in The ambiguity of the charter of Charles I and the unsettled state of the town during the Civil War aggravated disputes between the burgesses and Lord Bergavenny's agent for the collection of tolls.
About Lord Bergavenny offered the burgesses a lease of the tolls, but they refused, being under the impression that the high bailiff ought to receive the whole of the tolls towards his charges incurred in dining the lord's officers at the courts leet and baron and supping the low bailiff and the constable on market days. The general market is now held on Thursdays and Saturdays in a covered hall built by the corporation in In there were three fairs yearly—one at Ascensiontide, one on Corpus Christi Day Thursday after Trinity Sunday , and the third the chartered fair of St.
The only existing fair is that which was formerly held in the town at Ascensiontide. It is now purely a pleasure fair, has been transferred to the third week in June, and is held in the suburbs. The cattle and cheese fair, held on 4 September until the middle of the last century, was probably a survival of the St. Bartholomew fair. At Stourport the markets on Wednesdays and Saturdays, said to have been established in , were at first well attended, especially in the hop season, but they are now almost extinct.
There were also fairs on the first Tuesdays in April, July and October. The Grammar School was founded by charter, ; but it may have originated in the school held in St. Mary's Chantry. In addition to the Science and Art Schools there are seventeen elementary schools in Kidderminster and its hamlets, while Stourport has five and Wribbenhall three. Some names of interest are Burlasshe, Conyngeshall and the Rose and Crown temp. Beyond the town itself lies the extensive parish of which it is the centre.
Numerous outlying hamlets and farms represent the sixteen berewicks of the Domesday Survey. Two of these lay at Ribbesford across the Severn; the sites of three others—Bristitune, Fastochesfeld and Teulesberge—remain unknown.
The eastern arm of the parish contains Wannerton, still as in no more than an isolated farm, and Hurcott, a hall with manorial rights of its own.
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