Grazulis is the author of the epic page book Significant Tornadoes: updated through in an addendum. In the first table below, I list all of the tornadoes from to that Grazulis has classified as F5 strength and described in detail in his book. Only about 0. However, the s, s, and s seem to be especially active for violent tornadoes.
Could it be that when the NWS began classifying tornadoes by the F-scale, it was not as stringent in its damage analysis as it has since been over the past four decades? There is some evidence to support this idea, according to Dr. Harold Brooks, an expert on tornado climatology at the University of Oklahoma. Brooks said in an email that the initial F-scale ratings for most tornadoes from through were done by students hired in the summer of They were given the text description of the damage and Fujita's canonical pictures and text description of the damage scales.
It appears they overrated the tornadoes, relative to the ratings. Brooks and Jeffrey Craven showed that the number of U. At least people died in Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana when a F5 mile-wide monster carved a course that was apparently miles through the three states. Modern research, however, suggests that this was likely a series of tornadoes developing from a single supercell traversing the area. A study led by Robert Johns found that the longest truly continuous damage path was miles long, from central Bollinger County, Missouri, to Pike County, Indiana.
At least eight other violent F2 or stronger tornadoes killed an additional 52 people in Alabama, Tennessee, and Kentucky over the course of that day, bringing the total killed to and making this the single deadliest tornado outbreak in American history.
The town most impacted was Woodward, Oklahoma, where people perished. This tornado struck just a few years before the modern tornado warning system was established. Tupelo, Mississippi, was the worst affected, with were killed by an F5 twister on April 5. Gainesville, Georgia, saw lives lost the following day when a F4 tornado struck the city. The fourth-deadliest F5 tornado was that which devastated Joplin, Missouri, on May 22, , killing An additional three to eight fatalities occurred indirectly as a result of the storm, according to various sources.
Ted Fujita, a University of Chicago severe storms research scientist. Meteorologists from the National Weather Service survey areas where tornado damage has occurred. They then use the Enhanced Fujita Scale to estimate the maximum winds in the tornado. Daily 13 Today. Tornado Central.
The last EF5 tornado in the U. Many of these top-end tornadoes have hit on historic days with tornado outbreaks. Northern Alabama was also included in the Super Outbreak.
The nighttime Guin, Alabama tornado traveled at mph and was on the ground for 80 miles 24 killed. Earlier in the day, the famous Xenia, Ohio tornado was also an F5 in this outbreak 32 killed. You might notice the list only goes back to The U. There are also other oddities on the map. The furthest west an F5 tornado was documented was in the Texas Panhandle in Lubbock, Texas, in The furthest east F5 tornado was in Niles, Ohio in The southernmost was the monster and slow-moving Jarrell, Texas tornado in May
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